λ³Έλ¬Έ λ°”λ‘œκ°€κΈ°

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Charlie Munger Commencement Address - USC Having a good profession, such as a lawyer, does not necessarily make a person more ethical. However, they earn not only money and honor but also respect and meaningful trust. Gaining respect and trust is a great joy in life. Leading a life filled with greed may bring wealth and fame to villains, but people rejoice at their death. One should not live such a life. There is nothing as important as.. 2023. 12. 28.
7 Thread in Software μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μŠ€λ ˆλ“œ(Thread)λŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 독립적인 μ‹€ν–‰ 흐름을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각각의 μŠ€λ ˆλ“œλŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 곡유된 μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ 독립적인 μ½”λ“œ μ‹€ν–‰ 흐름을 κ°€μ§€λ©°, 이듀은 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μŠ€λ ˆλ“œ 간에 데이터 및 μžμ›μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ©€ν‹°μŠ€λ ˆλ”©(Multithreading)이라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž˜λ° νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ˜ ν•΅μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μŠ€λ ˆλ“œμ˜ μ£Όμš” κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μΉ΄μš΄ν„° (Program Counter) 각 μŠ€λ ˆλ“œλŠ” μ‹€ν–‰ 쀑인 μ½”λ“œμ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μΉ΄μš΄ν„°λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ— μ‹€ν–‰ν•  λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄μ˜ μ£Όμ†Œλ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬ν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ ˆμ§€μŠ€ν„° (Registers) μŠ€λ ˆλ“œλŠ” λ ˆμ§€μŠ€ν„° μ„ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ ˆμ§€μŠ€ν„°λŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯ν•˜κ³  μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©°, μŠ€λ ˆλ“œ κ°„ μ „ν™˜ μ‹œ ν˜„.. 2023. 12. 28.
6 ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ μƒνƒœμ™€ 계측 ꡬ쑰 ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ μƒνƒœλŠ” 컴퓨터 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—μ„œ μ‹€ν–‰ 쀑인 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄λ‚˜ μž‘μ—…μ˜ ν˜„μž¬ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일반적으둜 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°€μ§€ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 생성(New): ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€κ°€ μƒμ„±λ˜κ³  아직 μŠ€μΌ€μ€„λ§λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€€λΉ„(Ready): ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€κ°€ CPUλ₯Ό ν• λ‹Ήλ°›κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μƒνƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ„ ν• λ‹Ήλ°›μ•„ 싀행을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€ν–‰(Running): CPUλ₯Ό ν• λ‹Ήλ°›μ•„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ½”λ“œκ°€ μ‹€ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€κ°€ 이 μƒνƒœμ— μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은 ν˜„μž¬ CPUλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€κΈ°(Waiting λ˜λŠ” Blocked): ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μ΄λ²€νŠΈκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ²€νŠΈκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜λ©΄ ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ€€λΉ„ μƒνƒœλ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’…λ£Œ(Terminate.. 2023. 12. 28.
9 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄ 병렬 처리 기법 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ€ μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‘°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ 데이터λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ¦¬λˆ…μŠ€/μœ λ‹‰μŠ€ 운영 μ²΄μ œμ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©°, 각 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λŠ” νŠΉμ • μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‹€μŒ λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λ‘œ μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ²˜λ¦¬κ³Όμ •μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜ 이점 λͺ¨λ“ˆν™”와 μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ„±: λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ€ 각 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄κ°€ νŠΉμ • μž‘μ—…μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λ―€λ‘œ λͺ¨λ“ˆν™”κ°€ μš©μ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각각의 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λŠ” λ…λ¦½μ μœΌλ‘œ 개발, ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ 및 μœ μ§€λ³΄μˆ˜ν•  수 있고, ν•„μš”ν•œ 경우 μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°„νŽΈν•œ μž‘μ—… 흐름 ꡬ성: νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜μ—¬ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이둜써 μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•œ λ²ˆμ— μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ λ₯Έ 데이터 처리: λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄ νŒŒμ΄ν”„λΌμΈμ€ 각 λͺ…λ Ήμ–΄κ°€ 데이터λ₯Ό.. 2023. 12. 28.
Denzel Washington's Speech - University of Pennsylvania I am a little nervous. I am not used to speaking at a graduation of this magnitude. It's a little overhwelming. This is out of my comfort zone. But, I had to be here. I had to come. Even though I was afraid I might make a fool of myself. Now, what am I talking about? Well... Here it is. I've found that nothing in life is worthwhile unless you take risks. Nothing. If I'm going to fail, I don't wa.. 2023. 12. 27.
8 Clock, Core and Thread (클럭, μ½”μ–΄, μŠ€λ ˆλ“œ) μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ 핡심 λΆ€ν’ˆ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ CPUλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 기술적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ·Έ μ„±λŠ₯을 κ²°μ •μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이번 κΈ€μ—μ„œλŠ” CPU의 μ£Όμš” μš”μ†ŒμΈ 클럭과 μ½”μ–΄ 그리고 μŠ€λ ˆλ“œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 1. 클럭 (Clock) 컴퓨터 λͺ¨λ“  λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μΌμ‚¬λΆˆλž€ν•˜κ²Œ 움직일 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ λ‹¨μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클럭 μ†λ„λŠ” ν—€λ₯΄μΈ (Hz) λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ©° 1HzλŠ” 1μ΄ˆμ— 클럭이 ν•œ 번 반볡될 λ•Œμ˜ μΈ‘μ • λ‹¨μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즉, 클럭이 1μ΄ˆμ— 100번 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©΄ 100Hzκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš”μ¦˜ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λŠ” μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λΉ λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μΈ‘μ • λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ κΈ°κ°€ ν—€λ₯΄μΈ  GHzκ°€ 주둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클럭 속도가 λ†’μ„μˆ˜λ‘ CPUλŠ” λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ–΄ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ„±λŠ₯에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  클럭 속도λ₯Ό λ†’.. 2023. 12. 26.
Who moved my cheese? By Spencer Johnson September 8, 1988 "If you do not change, you can become extinct." "The more important your cheese is to you, the more you want to hold on to it." "Smell the cheese often so you know when it is getting old." "When you move beyond your fear, you feel free." "Movement in a new direction helps you find new cheese." "It is safer to search in the maze than remain in a cheeseless sit.. 2023. 12. 26.
3 Relational Database (feat. key, constraints) λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ˜ ν…Œμ΄λΈ” κ°„μ—λŠ” 관계가 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 두 ν…Œμ΄λΈ” κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜λ©΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ˜ 데이터가 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ˜ 데이터와 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ 정보λ₯Ό 효과적으둜 관리할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 관계λ₯Ό 톡해 데이터 쀑볡을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜κ³  λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 일관성을 μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ΄€κ³„ν˜• λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€λŠ” μ •κ·œν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 데이터 쀑볡을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 일관성을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. tuple, attributeλŠ” 쀑볡을 λΆˆν—ˆ tuple, attribute의 μˆœμ„œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€ attributeλŠ” atomic (ex. μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 색깔 : νŒŒλž‘, 초둝 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ 였직 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ°’) relation(table)λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 같은 μ΄λ¦„μ˜ attributeλ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μ—†λ‹€ prim.. 2023. 12. 23.
5 User Space in Process (ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€ μ‚¬μš©μž μ˜μ—­) λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬ κ΄€λ¦¬μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ κ°œλ… 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μž μ˜μ—­(User Space)κ³Ό 컀널 μ˜μ—­(Kernel Space) μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ κ΅¬λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컀널 μ˜μ—­ (Kernel Space): 운영체제 컀널이 λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 뢀뢄은 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€ 및 운영체제의 핡심 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ§€μ›ν•˜λŠ” 데이터 및 μ½”λ“œλ‘œ μ±„μ›Œμ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컀널 μ˜μ—­μ€ 일반적으둜 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 레벨의 κΆŒν•œμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μž‘μ—…λ“€μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μš©μž λͺ¨λ“œ (User Space): μ‚¬μš©μž μ˜μ—­μ€ μ‚¬μš©μž μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μ‹€ν–‰λ˜κ³  λ™μž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ³΅κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” ν…μŠ€νŠΈ νŽΈμ§‘κΈ°, μ›Ή λΈŒλΌμš°μ €, κ²Œμž„κ³Ό 같은 μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ©”λͺ¨λ¦¬κ°€ ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ¦¬μ†ŒμŠ€μ— μ œν•œλœ 접근을 κ°–κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ 격리와 λ³΄μ•ˆ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ μœ μ§€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μš©μž μ˜μ—­μ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜μ—­λ“€μ΄.. 2023. 12. 23.