๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ
Computer Science/Network

1. Network fundamental

by Dowon Kang 2023. 11. 17.

Network

A network is like a digital highway that connects different computers or devices together so they can share information and communicate with each other. It's like how roads connect houses and buildings, allowing people and vehicles to travel and exchange things.

 

Internet

The internet is a massive network of interconnected computers and devices. It's essentially a network of networks, linking together millions of smaller networks worldwide. This interconnected system enables communication, data exchange, and access to resources across vast distances. So, you can think of the internet as the largest and most comprehensive network in existence.

 

 

WEB

The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia content such as pages, pictures, videos, and other stuff you can see and interact with online. It's what you access when you use a web browser like Chrome or Safari to browse the internet.

 

HyperText

The text that you can click on to go to another place, like another web page. This linking capability is what makes the World Wide Web (WWW) so powerful and interconnected, allowing users to easily navigate between different pieces of information by clicking on hyperlinks.


Server and Clinet 

Server: Imagine a big library where all the books and information are stored. When you need a book, you ask the librarian (server), who then fetches it for you.
Client: You're like a library visitor who goes to the librarian (server) to ask for specific books or information. Once the librarian provides you with what you need, you use it for your purposes.

So, the server provides resources or services, and the client requests and uses them. It's like a give-and-take relationship where both sides play their roles.

 

 

 

 


 

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„์— ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” 1969๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ARPANET์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ARPANET์€ ํ•ต๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ARPANET์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ TCP/IP๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์•ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ†ต์‹ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋กœ์ปฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (LAN - Local Area Network)๋Š” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ด‘์—ญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ (WAN - Wide Area Network)๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๊ฐ„์— ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

 

 

 

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(Internet)์€ WAN์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ LAN๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ '์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๊ณผ ๊ทœ์•ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ํ†ต์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ํŒŒ์ผ, ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ž์šฐํŽธ, ์›น ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ง•, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ๋™์˜์ƒ ๋ฐ ์Œ์•… ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ'๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์–ด TCP/IP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 

 

 

 

์›น์€ "World Wide Web(WWW)"์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง๋กœ์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›น์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›น์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ง‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์›น์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ํ˜ผ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋งŒํผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

Internet์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ Web.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์›น์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋„๋กœ๋ผ๋ฉด ์›น์€ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ•˜๋‚˜.

 

์›น์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” hypertext๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” text๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Hypertext๋Š” ํ›„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” hyper(์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ) + text(๋ฌธ์„œ)์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ํ…Œ๋“œ ๋„ฌ์Šจ์ด ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Project Xanadu๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ›—๋‚  ํŒ€ ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ WEB์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.  

 

์ฒ˜์Œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1990๋…„, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์›น์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

๋Œ“๊ธ€