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Computer Science/Network

7 OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ vs TCP/IP

by Dowon Kang 2023. 12. 19.

OSI(Open Systems Interconnection) ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ณ„์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „์†ก ๊ณ„์ธต์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๋น„์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „์†ก ๊ณ„์ธต์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ์Šคํƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, TCP/IP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์ธต (Physical Layer): ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งํฌ ๊ณ„์ธต (Data Link Layer): ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์— ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ณ„์ธต (Network Layer): ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „์†ก ๊ณ„์ธต (Transport Layer): ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์™€ ํ๋ฆ„ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ์…˜ ๊ณ„์ธต (Session Layer): ์„ธ์…˜์„ ์„ค์ •, ์œ ์ง€, ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตํ™˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ณ„์ธต (Presentation Layer): ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜•์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™˜, ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”, ์••์ถ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‘์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต (Application Layer): ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

 

 

TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ:
๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๊ณ„์ธต (Network Interface Layer): ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋งํฌ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ณ„์ธต (Internet Layer): IP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒจํ‚ท์„ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ๋ธŒ๋„ท ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „์†ก ๊ณ„์ธต (Transport Layer): TCP ๋ฐ UDP ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‘์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต (Application Layer): ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 

๋‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ OSI ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, TCP/IP ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๊ตฌํ˜„์—์„œ ๋” ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

 

 


OSI Model : The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that divides network communications functions into seven layers.

 

TCP/IP : TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.

 

Differences? 
The TCP/IP Model is a practical networking model with four layers, including network interface, internet, transport, and application, serving as the foundation for Internet protocols.

 

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Model are both frameworks used to understand network communication. 

 

The OSI Model consists of seven conceptual layers, while the TCP/IP Model is a more practical model with four layers—network interface, internet, transport, and application. The key difference lies in their structure and the number of layers, with OSI being more detailed and theoretical, whereas TCP/IP is widely implemented and used in real world networking, particularly as the foundation for the Internet

 

 

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